Pfeiffer University Library: AMA Citation and Style Guide: AMA Citation and Style Basics

AMA Style Insider-Blog

AMA BASIC INFORMATION

	RULE	EXAMPLE
In text references	References should be numbered consecutively with superscript Arabic numbers in order of appearance within the text.	Acute pancreatitis in children was reported in 2017 by the NASPGHAN Pancreas Committee. ^1,2
Author initials	Use initials without periods for author names and do not use a space between the initials. Add a comma between author names	Smith JR, Brown SH
Author number rule	If there are more than six authors list only the first three followed by et al.	Abu-El-Haija M, Kumar S, Szabo F, et al.
Journal names	Abbreviate and italicize journal titles (without periods) using the NLM Journals database for abbreviations.	J Pediatr
Title of publication	Book Title: Headline style-Capitalize all major words in the sentence. Book Chapter: Sentence style-Capitalize the first word of the title and proper nouns, use lower case for anything else Journal: Sentence style-Capitalize the first word of the title and proper nouns, use lower case for anything else.	Book: ECGs Made Easy : Pocket Reference Book Chapter: Active learning strategies. In: Schwinghammer TL, Koehler JM, eds. Pharmacotherapy Casebook : a Patient-Focused Approach Journal Title: Pediatric headache: Where we are and where we are going
DOI	Use the DOI (digital object identifiers) instead of URL if available. If a DOI is used do not use "Accessed on" date.	Gage BF, Fihn SD, White RH. Management and dosing of warfarin therapy. The American Journal of Medicine. 2000;109(6):481-488. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00545-3
Location (Place of publication)	Name the city where the publishing firm is located followed by a comma and the two letter abbreviation of the state. If more than one location appears us the first one. In the case of a non-US location use the city followed by a comma and the country.	Cincinnati, OH Boston, MA Cham, Switzerland Berlin, Germany
Page numbers	Page numbers include first page hyphen final page (full number) without spaces.	161-168

NUMBER OF AUTHORS	AUTHOR-IN REFERENCE LIST
One	Hershey, AD
Two	Kacperski J, Hershey AD
Three to Six	Thomson KE, Modi AC, Glauser TA, Rausch JR, Steve White H
Seven or more	Martin VT, Allen JR, Houle TT, et al.

Notes:

In the case of a publication without an author use the corporate body responsible for the publication e.g. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Surnames that contain prefixes or particles such as von, de, or van and are spelled out and capitalized using the preference of the author.
Surnames that contain roman numbers and abbreviations (e.g. Jr, Sr, II, III) are included in the reference list at the end of the publication
- Dobbins WA II
- Smith JD, Jr.

TYPE	MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DATE FOR REFERENCES
Print	1. Author AA. Article title. Journal Name. Year;vol(issue no.):pages.
Online	1. Author AA. Article title. Journal Name. Year;vol(issue no.):pages. http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/. Accessed Month Date, Year.
DOI	1. Author AA. Article title. Journal Name. Year;vol(issue no.):pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
In Press	1. Author AA. Title. Journal Name. In press.

Bold words mean add the word (DO NOT bold the actual word) to your citation as written.

TYPE	EXAMPLES
One Author	1. Hershey AD. Pediatric headache: Where we are and where we are going. Headache. 2015;55(10):1356-1357.
Two Author	1. Kacperski J, Hershey AD. Newly approved agents for the treatment and prevention of pediatric migraine. CNS Drugs. 2016;30(9):837-844.
Three to Six Author	1. Thomson KE, Modi AC, Glauser TA, Rausch JR, White SH. The impact of nonadherence to antiseizure drugs on seizure outcomes in an animal model of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2017;58(6):1054-1062.
More than Six Author	1. Stark LJ, Filigno SS, Bolling C, et al. Learning about activity and understanding nutrition for child health (LAUNCH): Rationale, design, and implementation of a randomized clinical trial of a family-based pediatric weight management program for preschoolers. Contemp Clin Trials. 2017;52:10-19.
Online	1. Kuznietsova HM, Luzhenetska VK, Kotlyar IP, Rybalchenko VK. Effects of 5-Amyno-4-(1, 3-benzothyazol-2-yn)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1, 2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-one intake on Ddgestive system in a rat model of colon cancer. Sci World J. 2015. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2015/376576/abs/. Accessed August 25, 2017.
DOI	1. Vijgen L, Keyaerts E, Zlateva K, Van Ranst M. Identification of six new polymorphisms in the human coronavirus 229E receptor gene (aminopeptidase N/CD13). Int J Infect Dis. 2004;8(4):217-222. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2004.03.004.
In Press	1. Dignan PSJ. Congenital malformations. J Pediatr. In press.

TYPE	MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DATE FOR REFERENCES
Authored book-Print	1. Author AA. Book Title: Subtitle. Edition # ed. Location: Publisher; Year. Please note a first edition book does not include 1st ed in the citation.
Authored book-Online	1. Author AA. Book Title: Subtitle. Edition # ed. Location: Publisher; Year. http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/. Accessed Month Date, Year.
Authored book-Online (DOI)	1. Author AA. Book Title: Subtitle. Edition # ed. Location: Publisher; Year. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy Accessed Month Date, Year.
Edited book-Print	1. Editor AA ed. Book Title: Subtitle. Edition # ed. Location: Publisher; Year.
Edited book-Online (no DOI)	1. Editor AA ed. Book Title: Subtitle. Edition # ed. Location: Publisher; Year. http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
Edited book-Online (DOI)	1. Editor AA ed. Book Title: Subtitle. Edition # ed. Location: Publisher; Year. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy

Bold words mean add the word (DO NOT bold the actual word) to your citation as written.

TYPES

EXAMPLES

Authored book-Print
(first edition)

1. Aehlert B. ECGs Made Easy Pocket Reference. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Lifeline; 1995.

Authored book-Print
(other than first edition)

1. Aehlert B. ECGs Made Easy. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Jems; 2013.

Authored book-Online

1. American Academy of Pediatrics. Red Book Online. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomson Reuters (Healthcare) Inc.; 2012. http://www.redbook.com/redbook/online Accessed [August 25, 2017].

Authored book-Online (DOI)

1. Gamulescu, M., Helbig H, Wachtlin, J, eds. Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment: Differential Diagnosis and Therapy. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56133-2

Edited book-Print
(first edition)

1. Sejersen T, Wang CH, eds. Acute Pediatric Neurology. London: Springer; 2014.

Edited book-Print (other than first edition)

1. Sanchez-Serrano JJ, Salinas J, eds. Arabidopsis Protocols. 3rd ed. New York: Humana Press; 2013.

Edited book-Online

1. Valle D, ed. The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2017. http://ommbid.mhmedical.com/

Edited book-Online (DOI)

1. Mehle E, ed. Sinus Headache, Migraine, and the Otolaryngologist: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide. Switzerland: Springer. 2017. http://www.10.1007/978-3-319-50376-9

TYPE	MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DATE FOR REFERENCES
Book Chapter-Print	1. Author, AA. Title of the chapter. In: Editor AA, ed. Book Title. Edition # ed Location: Publisher; Year:Pages.
Book Chapter- Online (no DOI)	1. Author, AA. Title of the chapter. In: Editor AA, ed. Book Title. Edition # ed. Publisher, http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/. Accessed Date (Month Date, Year).
Book Chapter- Online (DOI)	1. Author, AA. Title of the chapter. In: Editor AA, ed. Book Title. Publisher, http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy. Accessed Month Date, Year.

Bold words mean add the word (DO NOT bold the actual word) to your citation as written.

TYPE	EXAMPLES
Book Chapter-Print	1. Kirkwood C. Active learning strategies. In: Schwinghammer TL, Koehler JM, eds. Pharmacotherapy Casebook : a Patient-Focused Approach. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2011:9-12.
Book Chapter- Online (no DOI)	1. Callahan SR, Mansour ME, Simmons JM. Patient and family–centered care and the patient-centered medical home. In: Kline MW, eds. Rudolph's Pediatrics. 23rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2017. http://accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2126&sectionid=163280984. Accessed July 11, 2017.
Book Chapter-Online (DOI)	1. Hindlie M, Wu D, Anselme K, Gallet O, Di Martino P. Effects of fibronectin coating on bacterial and osteoblast progenitor cells adherence in a co-culture assay. 2016. In: Donelli G, ed. Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 17-30. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26320-5. Accessed September 12, 2017.

TYPE	MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DATA FOR REFERENCES
Poster	1. Author AA. Name of Presentation. Poster presented at: Name of Conference; Date of Conference (Month Date, Year); Location of Conference.
Paper	1. Author AA. Name of Presentation. Paper presented at: Name of Conference; Date of Conference (Month Date, Year); Location of Conference.

Bold words mean add the word (DO NOT bold the actual word) to your citation as written.

TYPES	EXAMPLES
Poster	1. Biro F, Ewan L, McLinden D, Dejonckheere M, Vaughn L. Mapping Views of Adolescent Health Stakeholders. Poster presented at: Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine; March 18, 2015; Los Angeles, CA.
Paper	1. Pestian JP, Matykiewicz PM, Grupp-Phelan J, Lavanier SA, Combs J, Kowatch, R. Using natural language processing to classify suicide notes. Paper presented at: BioNLP 2008; current trends in biomedical natural language processing; June 19, 2008; Columbus, OH.

TYPE	MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DATA FOR REFERENCES
Web Site-Author	1. Author AA. Title (or, if no title is available, the name of the organization responsible for the site). Name of the Web site. http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/. Accessed Month Date, Year.
Web site-No Author	1. Organization responsible for the site. Title (or, if no title is available, the name of the organization responsible for the site). Name of the Web site. http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/. Accessed Month Date, Year.

Bold words mean add the words (DO NOT bold) to your citation as written.

TYPE	EXAMPLE
Website-Author	1. Devarajan P. Myoglobinuria. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/982711. Accessed June 30, 2017.
Web site-No Author	1. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. Air Pollution & Respiratory Health. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/airpollution/. Accessed June 30, 2017.

TYPES	MINIMUM DATE REQUIRED FOR REFERENCES
Legislative Material-US Federal Administrative Regulations	1. Author AA. Title of regulation. Journal name (in this case source). Year;Volume:Pages. Codified at Title number CFR §Section. Please note items from the Federal Register. are now treated like journal references.
Government Agencies or Bulletins	1. Author AA. Title of bulletin. Location: Name of issuing bureau, agency, department or other governmental division; Date; Pages (if specified); Publication number (if any); Series number (if given).

Bold words mean add the word (DO NOT bold the actual word) to your citation as written.

TYPES	EXAMPLES
Legislative Material-Federal Register	1. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Methadone in maintenance and detoxification: joint revision of conditions on use. Fed Regist. 1989;54:8954-8971. Codified at 21 CFR §291.
Government Agencies or Bulletins	1. World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002. 1. National Institutes of Health, US Department of Heath and Human Services. Strategic Plan for NIH Obesity Research: a Report to the NIH Obesity Research Task Force. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2004. NIH publication 04-5493.

TYPE	MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DATA FOR REFERENCES
Newspaper print	1. Author AA. Title. Newspaper. Month Date, Year: PageColumn.
Newspaper electronic	1. Author AA. Title. Newspaper. Month Date, Year. http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/. Accessed Month Date, Year.

Bold words mean add the word (DO NOT bold the actual word) to your citation as written.

TYPE	EXAMPLE
Newspaper print	1. Brody JE. Alternative medicine makes inroads, but watch out for curves. New York Times. April 28, 1998:F9.
Newspaper electronic	1. Wallace R. Teens who drink run risk of causing damage to brain. Post-Tribune (IN). September 3, 2006. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1N1-1148504166A02348.html?refid=easy_hf. Accessed September 7, 2017.

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AMA Citation and Style Guide: AMA Citation and Style Basics

AMA STYLE

AMA Style Insider-Blog

AMA BASIC INFORMATION

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